Neurological complications : The short-term effects of alcohol consumption that can get relieved after stopping alcohol consumption include blackouts, blurred vision, impaired memory and slower reaction times. Psychiatric complications : Consuming alcoholic beverages to overcome depression and anxiety has been a common practice.
Though alcohol can relieve those conditions to some extent initially, it starts to deplete the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain, causing depression and anxiety and the need to consume more alcohol to medicate depression arises. This chronic use can lead to increased risk for suicide, personality disorders and risk-taking behaviours.
In a case-control study of completed suicides in Bangalore done by Gururaj, it was found that alcohol consumption was a major risk factor for suicide with nearly a 25 times increase among the alcohol users. Suicide rates among women increased by nearly six times who were a spouse of alcohol abusers.
Alcohol consumption not only affects the individuals but also his family members get affected in one way or the other. The person in an intoxicated state may indulge in domestic violence with his family members; may exhaust the savings of the family, which can negatively affect the education of his children, and the children of alcoholic fathers will have strained relationship with their family members, which can affect their psychological wellbeing.
In a study done by Gururaj et al. The economic impact of alcohol consumption plays a major role in families belonging to lower socio-economic strata. In a study done by Bonu et al. In a study done by Benegal et al. One of the major problem of alcohol consumption are road traffic accidents which occur due to driving vehicles under the influence of alcoholic beverages.
Both developing and developed countries report high rates of road traffic accidents because of alcohol consumption. Another important area where complications arise because of alcohol abuse is legal problems. However, the major reason because of which the public nuisance created because of alcohol abuse goes unnoticed is that those crimes are classified under petty crime and they largely go unrecognised or they may get overlooked.
There are many studies that have pointed out that drinking alcohol in moderate amounts is good for the heart as they help in preventing coronary artery diseases CADs. However, individual susceptibility plays a major role in the protective benefits of alcohol consumption. The American Heart Association AHA states that 'it is not possible to predict in which people alcoholism will become a problem' and advice not to consume alcohol for the benefits it may carry. In a multi-centre study done in India, it was found that even light or occasional consumption of alcohol might increase the risk of CAD.
So, the benefits of alcohol consumption may not be true for Indians at least. Although the prohibition of alcohol use is encouraged in the constitution of India, alcohol policy is a state subject.
States are having full control of alcohol-related legislation, excise rates and the production, distribution and sale of alcohol. Newly independent India, which was born post-independence, retained alcohol prohibition until mids, and by , only the state of Gujarat had a complete alcohol prohibition policy. However, following a year after the ban, trade of illicit liquor flourished along the borders, as the neighbouring states have no prohibition on alcohol.
In addition, there seems to be illicit trade of narcotic drugs as people have begun to look for other substances for addiction. Another controversial 'Dry State' is Manipur, where the prohibition of alcohol consumption is in force since , but scheduled castes SCs and scheduled tribes STs were allowed to brew their traditional liquor.
In , the government lifted the ban of alcohol in some districts in Manipur. Manipur is now popularly called 'Wettest Dry State'. Government is now looking to remove the prohibition act, as illicit liquor use, deaths because of methanol poisoning and substance abuse are on the rise. In India, those measures will not work, as the alcohol consumers have easy access to illicit liquor and substances. Other laws related to the regulation of alcohol-use like hours of sale, drunken driving and sale to minors are regularly breached.
The legal age in different states in India is given in Table 3. Legal drinking age in various states in the country[ 42 ]. When a person consumes an alcoholic beverage, there is a rise in BAC because of which there is gradual and progressive loss of driving ability because of increase in the reaction time, overconfidence, degraded muscle coordination, impaired concentration and decreased auditory and visual acuity.
This is known as drunken driving. There are laws to govern drunken driving in India. The BAC limits are fixed at 0. Still, private channels are often permitting alcohol companies to advertise using surrogate means like using brand names for soda or water or music. However, as the target audience is moving from watching television to mobile phones, liquor companies have now begun to invest in online video marketing.
Before independence, the Madras Abkari Act, imposed in the year , enacted strict rules and regulations that prohibited the local manufacturing of alcoholic beverages and confined it to the central distilleries, where excise duty was paid to the government before being sold in the market. This favoured foreign liquors resulted in anti-alcohol agitation by Indian freedom movements like Swadeshi and Non-Cooperation Movement. In , alcohol prohibition was imposed in Salem district, which was later extended throughout the presidency.
After , the then chief minister CM lifted the prohibition of alcoholic beverages. Again, in , the CM during that period closed down all arrack and toddy shops but left the Indian-made foreign liquor untouched.
That was the time when it was noticed that, whenever alcohol prohibition was imposed, illegal sales of toddy and arrack and consumption of methanol would rise, resulting in loss of many lives; thus, the ban would be lifted.
A panel of five IAS officers governs it. It has nearly 6, retail alcohol outlets across the state. In developing countries like India, primary care physicians are the first contact of patients with the healthcare system.
It is a major platform for screening to identify at-risk individuals and diagnose AUDs. If necessary, they have to refer the patient to higher centres for further care and management. Alcohol consumption is emerging as a major public health problem in India. Multi-centric scientific community-based research studies have to be conducted in various individual states to understand the problem better.
Various policymakers, media, professionals and society have to be educated about the consequences of chronic alcohol through sensitisation programmes and health education campaigns. There is a dire need for rational alcohol control policy with specific objectives like alcohol taxation, production and promotion policy. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U.
J Family Med Prim Care. Published online Jan Anantha Eashwar , 1 R. Umadevi , 2 and S. Determinants of poor adher- 9.
Alcohol use disorder among tuberculosis patients: A study from Chennai, Jaggarajamma, G. Sudha, V. Chandrasekaran, C. Nirupa, A. South India. Thomas, T. Reasons for non-compliance among patients treated under revised national tuberculosis control pro- Indian J Tuberc.
Hazardous and harmful alcohol use and associated factors in ; Int J. Alcohol consumption among men and women Chennai, South India. J Public Health. Central TB division. Training module for medical practitioner.
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Delhi, Related Papers. By Sinu Ezhumalai. Comorbidities in pulmonary tuberculosis cases in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, India: Opportunities for intervention. By Sonali Sarkar. Spatiotemporal analysis of drug-resistant TB patients registered in selected districts of Karnataka, South India: a cross-sectional study.
By Dr Poonam Naik. Health Aspects of Irula Tribes. Download pdf. Log in with Facebook Log in with Google. Remember me on this computer. Share this page. High Impact List of Articles. Conference Proceedings. Skip carousel. Carousel Previous. Carousel Next. What is Scribd? Explore Ebooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All Ebooks. Explore Audiobooks. Bestsellers Editors' Picks All audiobooks. Explore Magazines. Editors' Picks All magazines. Explore Podcasts All podcasts. Difficulty Beginner Intermediate Advanced.
Explore Documents. Alcohol Related Deaths in India. Uploaded by Raj. Document Information click to expand document information Description: its about alchohol relatd death in india. Did you find this document useful? Is this content inappropriate? Report this Document.
0コメント